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Patents Decree

Unofficial translation

No. 669 of September 26, 1980,

as amended by Decrees No. 505 of June 14, 1985, No. 583 of June 26, 1992, No. 71 of January 21, 1994, No. 595 of June 28, 1994, No. 104 of February 15, 1996, No. 246 of April 1, 1997, No. 674 of July 13, 2000, No. 1200 of November 19, 2004, No. 144 of February 16, 2006, 1118 of 29 November 2007, 603 of 11 September 2008,1097 of 27 November 2011 and 580 of 18 July 2013.

Patent Application and Record of Applications

Section 1 Finnish patent applications shall be filed with the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (the Patent Office).

International applications designating Finland are to be filed with an authority or international organization which is a receiving Office authorized under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (Treaty Series of the Statutes of Finland 58/1980) and its Regulations. Sections 45 to 50 and 51 a contain provisions on the Patent Office as a Receiving Office. (27.10.2011/1097)

The provisions in this Decree concerning patent applications shall, unless otherwise specified, only apply to:
(1) Finnish patent applications;
(2) international patent applications pursued in Finland under section 31 of the Patents Act or accepted for examination under section 38 of that Act; and
(3) European patent applications converted into national applications under section 70 s of the Patents Act. (15.2.1996/104)

Section 2 (13.7.2000/674) Finnish patent applications shall consist of an application document and accompanying documents.

The application document must be signed by the applicant or their representative and it must comprise:
(1) the name, domicile and address of the applicant and, if the applicant has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative;
(2) the name and address of the inventor;
(3) a concise and factual title for the invention to which the application relates;
(4) where a patent is applied for by several persons jointly, a statement as to which of them is entitled or, if they have appointed a representative, whom they have jointly authorised to receive communications from the Patent Office on behalf of all applicants;
(5) a statement, where appropriate, that the application includes a deposit of a biological material under section 8a of the Patents Act; and
6) a list of documents accompanying the application document;
7) if the applicant wishes that the decisions concerning the application are given in English, a request to that effect. (27.10.2011/1097)

The following documents shall accompany the application document:
(1) a description of the invention together with the drawings, if any, needed to understand the invention, claims and an abstract;
(2) if the applicant is not the inventor or has not made the invention on his own, a statement establishing the applicant's title to the invention.

The representative appointed by the applicant has to prove his authorisation, unless the representative has been given authorisation in the application document.

The prescribed application fee shall be paid when filing an application.

Section 3 If a document is not drawn up in one of the languages laid down in section 8(5) of the Patents Act, the applicant must also submit to the Patent Office a translation of the document into Finnish, Swedish or English. For a document other than a description, an abstract or claims, or for the text in the description or claims of a Finnish patent application which is not included in the basic document under section 21(1), the Patent Office may waive the requirement for a translation or may accept a translation into a language other than Finnish, Swedish, or English. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 4 Repealed 1 September 2013 (580/2013)

Section 5 To obtain a novelty search as referred to in section 9 of the Patents Act, the applicant shall make a written request within three months of the filing date of the application or, where applicable, of the date on which it is deemed to have been filed, to the Patent Office and shall pay the fee prescribed by the Searching Authority. Where the application is not drawn up in a language acceptable to the Searching Authority, the request shall be accompanied by a translation of the application into a language prescribed by the Patent Office.

If the search referred to in the first paragraph can be carried out by more than one authority and if the applicant wishes to specify which of such authorities is to carry out the search, he shall name that authority in his request.

The request shall be deemed withdrawn if, on expiration of the time limit laid down in the first paragraph, the application and the translation do not satisfy the formal requirements for an international application.

Section 6 The Patent Office shall enter on the application the date on which it was received at the Patent Office.

Section 7 Repealed 1.11.2011 (27.10.2011/1097).

Section 8 Repealed 1.11.2011 (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 9 Where notice is given that an invention for which a patent has been sought has been assigned to another person, the latter person shall be recorded as the applicant in the record of applications only if proof of the assignment is furnished.

Priority

Section 10 To enjoy priority under section 6 of the Patents Act, the applicant must claim priority in writing within 16 months of the date on which the first application given as a basis for the priority was filed, simultaneously stating where and when the application was filed and, as soon as possible, its serial number. The applicant may, within the time limit laid down above and under the same conditions, add or correct a priority claim. If the addition or correction causes a change in the priority date, the date may be notified within 16 months from either the original or the changed priority date, whichever 16-month period expires first. If the 16-month time limit has expired, but four months have not yet passed from the filing date of the application, the applicant may submit the notification within these four months. (16.2.2006/144)

In the case of an international application, the priority claim shall be made in the application itself, stating the place and date the application given as the basis for priority was filed and its serial number. The applicant may, however, add a priority claim or correct it by notifying the receiving authority or the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization of this within 16 months of the priority date. If the addition or correction causes a change in the priority date, the date may be notified within 16 months from either the original or the changed priority date, whichever 16-month period expires first. If the 16-month time limit has expired, but four months have not yet passed from the filing date of the application, the applicant may submit the notification within these four months. (16.2.2006/144)

The priority claim referred to in subsection (1) and (2) may not, however, be added or corrected after the application has become available to the public. (16.2.2006/144)

Where the application is divided under section 22, a claim to priority in respect of the parent application also applies, without separate request, to the new application resulting from division.

Section 11 An applicant who has claimed priority must, within 16 months of the date for which priority is claimed, file with the Patent Office a certificate issued by the authority with which the application for which priority is claimed was filed, stating the filing date of the priority application and the applicant's name, and also a copy of the application certified by that same authority. The copy must be filed in the form prescribed by the Patent Office. However, for an international application, the certificate shall be filed only after the Patent Office has issued the corresponding official action. For such application the priority document may also be filed in accordance with Rule 17.1 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty with the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization or with the authority that received the application, or a request may be made to such latter authority to forward the priority document to the International Bureau. (16.2.2006/144)

The Patent Office may grant an exemption from the obligation to file the certificate and the copy referred to in the first paragraph.

Where a copy of an application that is the basis for the priority of an international application has been filed with the International Bureau referred to in the first paragraph, the Patent Office may only require a copy and a translation of such copy in accordance with Rule 17.2 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

Section 12 Priority may only be based on the first application in which the invention was disclosed.

If the person who filed the first application or his successor in title has filed a subsequent application with the same patent authority, relating to the same invention, the subsequent application may be cited as a basis for priority, provided that at the time of filing of the later application the earlier application was withdrawn, dismissed, or rejected without having become available to the public and without there being any rights subsisting, and had not served as a basis for priority. Where priority has been obtained on the basis of the subsequent application, the prior application may no longer serve as a basis for claiming priority.

Section 13 Priority may also be obtained for a part of an application. An application may claim priority deriving from several earlier applications even where they relate to different countries.

Claims (14.6.1985/505)

Section 14 The claims shall contain:
(1) the title of the invention;
(2) a statement identifying the art in relation to which the invention is new (prior art), where necessary; and
(3) a statement of the new and characteristic features of the invention.

Each claim may relate to one invention only.

Where possible, the invention shall relate to one of the following categories: product, apparatus, process or use.

A claim may not contain any matter irrelevant to the invention disclosed therein or irrelevant to the exclusive right claimed by the applicant.

Section 15 An application may contain more than one claim. Where the application includes more than one claim, they shall be arranged and numbered consecutively.

A claim may be independent or dependent. A dependent claim is a claim that relates to an embodiment of the invention disclosed in another claim of the application and which, therefore, comprises all the features of that claim. All other claims are independent.

One or more dependent claims may relate to one claim. A dependent claim may refer to several preceding claims. It shall begin with a reference to a preceding claim and shall state the additional features characterizing the invention.

Section 16 (26.6.1992/583) Where an application contains several inventions they shall be interdependent. Inventions shall be deemed to be interdependent, if there is a technical connection between all of them in that the inventions have, in whole or in part, the same or similar special technical characteristics. The term special technical characteristics shall mean the technical characteristics contributed by each single invention going, in considering the invention as a whole, beyond the state of the art.

The question whether the inventions are interdependent shall be determined irrespective of whether they are stated in separate patent claims or as alternatives in a single claim.

Description (14.6.1985/505)

Section 17 The description may only contain subject matter that assists in understanding the invention. Where a newly-coined word or a technical term that is not generally accepted has to be used, such term shall be explained. The designations and units of measurement may not depart from those in general use in the Nordic countries.

Where the application includes a deposit of a biological material under section 8a of the Patents Act, the applicant shall as an appendix to the application give all relevant information regarding the characteristics of the biological material that is available to him.

Section 17a (14.6.1985/505) Deposits under the first paragraph of section 8 a of the Patents Act shall be made with an institution that is an international depositary authority under the Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (the Budapest Treaty) done at Budapest on April 28, 1977, or with another depositary authority recognized by the European Patent Office. (15.2.1996/104)

Deposits shall be made in accordance with the Budapest Treaty.

The Patent Office shall keep a list of the institutions that are international depositary authorities under the Budapest Treaty.

Section 17b Where biological material has been deposited, the applicant must inform the Patent Office in writing, within 16 months of the filing date of the application or, where priority is claimed, of the date of the claimed priority, of the institution with which the deposit has been made and the access code given to the deposit by that institution. For international applications the information may be submitted, within the same time limits, to the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization. (16.2.2006/144)

Where the applicant requests that the application documents be made available to the public earlier than provided for in the first and second paragraphs of section 22 of the Patents Act, the information referred to in the first paragraph shall be submitted, at the latest, together with the request. Where the applicant requests early publication of an international application under Article 21(2)(b) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the information shall be submitted, at the latest, together with the request for publication.

If the deposit has been transferred from one international depositary authority to another under Rule 5.1 of the Regulations under the Budapest Treaty, the applicant shall notify the Patent Office of the transfer and of the new access code for the deposit.

The Patent Office may require a copy of the receipt for the deposit issued by the institution as proof of the information referred to in the first and third paragraphs.

Section 17c A new deposit as referred to in the second paragraph of section 8a of the Patents Act shall be made in accordance with the provisions for new deposits under the Budapest Treaty.

The new deposit shall be made within three months of the date the depositor received notification from the international depositary authority that samples of the previous deposit can no longer be furnished. Where the institution has ceased to act as an international depositary authority for the kind of biological material to which the deposit belonged or if it has ceased to fulfill its obligations under the Budapest Treaty and the depositor has not received notification to such effect within six months of the announcement thereof published by the International Bureau, a new deposit may nevertheless be made within nine months of the said published announcement. As far as other depositary institutions are concerned, the period of time for making the deposit stated above begins once the European Patent Office has published a corresponding announcement of the matter.

Within four months of making the new deposit, the depositor shall submit to the Patent Office a copy of the receipt issued for the new deposit by the institution. However, if the time limit laid down in the first or second paragraph of section 17b expires at a later date, the receipt may be submitted within such later time limit. When submitting the receipt, the number of the application or patent to which the deposit relates shall be stated.

Abstract (14.6.1985/505)

Section 18 The abstract of a Finnish application shall be based on the description and claims as set out in the documents that constitute the basic documents pursuant to the first paragraph of section 21 or the first paragraph of section 24. The abstract shall contain the title of the invention and shall be drafted with sufficient clarity to disclose the technical problem to which the invention relates, the principles of the solution provided by the invention and the primary field in which the invention is to be used. The final wording of the abstract shall, where possible, be determined before the application is made available to the public under the second paragraph of section 22 of the Patents Act.

Where an international application or a European patent application converted into a national application contains an abstract confirmed by the International Searching Authority or the European Patent Office, the wording of that abstract shall be accepted. Where this is not the case, the Patent Office shall also confirm the abstract in such application. In the latter case, the provisions of the first paragraph shall be applicable. (15.2.1996/104)

Amendments to Applications

Section 19 Claims may not be amended to include subject matter not disclosed in a document constituting a basic document under the first or second paragraph of section 21 or the first paragraph of section 24. Where a claim is amended to add new features, the applicant shall at the same time state where those new features are to be found in the basic documents.

Once the Patent Office has issued a novelty search report, no claim disclosing an invention that is independent of the invention disclosed in the previous claims may be included in the same application.

For international applications, no novelty search report shall be issued before the period of time laid down in section 52b has expired, unless the applicant agrees thereto. (14.6.1985/505)

An applicant may make amendments or additions to the description and drawings only where they are necessary according to section 8 of the Patents Act. Such amendments or additions may not make a claim encompass matter other than that which has a counterpart in the basic documents.

Section 20 Unless otherwise allowed by the Patent Office, amendments or additions to the claims shall be made by filing a new document setting out all the claims in sequence.

Section 21 For the purposes of this Decree, the basic document for a Finnish patent application, a patent application to be taken up for processing under section 38 of the Patents Act and a European patent application converted into a national application is deemed to consist of the Finnish, Swedish or English language description with drawings, and of the claims contained in the application as filed or as deemed to have been filed. If those documents were not included in the application at the time of filing, the first Finnish, Swedish, or English language description and claims subsequently filed shall be deemed to constitute the basic document if the content of those documents clearly corresponds to the content of the documents held by the Patent Office at that time. (27.10.2011/1097).

The basic document for an international application pursued under section 31 of the Patents Act is deemed to consist of:
1) if a translation is required in order to pursue the application, the translation of the description, drawings and claims filed under section 31 of the Patents Act, including any amendments made within the time limit laid down in section 52b; or
2) if the application was drafted in Finnish, Swedish, or English, the copy of the description, drawings and claims filed under section 31 of the Patents Act.(27.10.2011/1097).

If the applicant, when filing the patent application, states that an application for protection of the invention has been filed with a patent authority outside Finland, and if the filing date and number of the foreign application has been given, a subsequently filed certified copy of that foreign application must be deemed to have arrived at the Patent Office at the same time with the filing of the application with the Finnish Patent Office. (27.10.2011/1097).

Division and Separation

Section 22 (21.3.1997/246) If more than one invention has been disclosed in the basic documents, the applicant may divide the application into more than one application. Division may only be made before a notification under section 19(1) of the Patents Act has been given. Division cannot take place before the basic document under section 21 has been submitted. The new application relating to an invention divided from the original application (parent application) must, if the applicant requests it, be deemed to have been filed at the same time as the parent application. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 23 If an invention which does not appear form the basic document is presented in the patent application by making an addition to the description or the claims or by any other way, a new application concerning the invention, made by
separation, can be deemed, on request by the applicant, as filed at the time when the document disclosing the invention was received by the Patent Office.

Separation may only be made before a notification under section 19(1) of the Patents Act has been given. Separation may not be made before the basic document under section 21 has been submitted. In an application through separation, protection can only be claimed for subject matter that was disclosed in the documents of the parent application when the new document was filed. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 24 In the event of division or separation, the description, with accompanying drawings, and claims filed at the same time as the application document of the new application shall be deemed to constitute the basic document.

A new application may be considered to result from division or separation only if this is evident from the application when filed. The serial number of the parent application shall be stated in such divisional or separated application.

Availability to the Public

Section 25 If the documents of a patent application, under the second or third paragraph of section 22 of the Patents Act, have become available to the public prior to the grant of a patent, the abstract shall be printed as soon as its final wording has been determined. The Patent Office may also decide to print other parts of the application together with the abstract. These documents shall be available to any person on payment of the prescribed fee.

The announcement under section 22(4) of the Patents Act must state the serial number and classification of the application, its date of receipt and the filing date, the title of the invention and the name and address of the applicant and of the inventor. Where priority has been claimed, the announcement must also state where the relevant prior application was filed, together with the filing date and serial number of such prior application. If the application includes a deposit of a biological material, this must be stated in the announcement. If the applicant has requested under section 22(7) of the Patents Act that samples of the biological material be issued only to a special expert, this fact must also be stated in the announcement. (16.2.2006/144)

If the translation of the description or claims in an international application has been amended within the time limit laid down in section 52b, but after the documents have become available to the public, an announcement shall be published of such amendment. (14.6.1985/505)

Section 25a (14.6.1985/505) A request made under the first sentence of the eighth paragraph of section 22 of the Patents Act to obtain a sample of a deposit shall be formulated as prescribed in Rule 11 of the Regulations under the Budapest Treaty.

A person wishing to obtain a sample shall give an undertaking to the applicant or the proprietor of the patent to the effect that no sample containing the deposited biological material or any material obtained from it will be used for other than experimental purposes and that no sample containing the deposited biological material or any material obtained from it will be made available to anyone else before a final decision has been given on the application or, if a patent has been granted, before the patent has expired, unless the applicant or the proprietor of the patent explicitly waives this undertaking. (13.7.2000/674)

The same undertaking as is prescribed with respect to a sample shall also be given with respect to biological material derived from the sample which has retained those characteristics of the deposited biological material that are essential for carrying out the invention. (13.7.2000/674)

The undertaking shall be attached to the request.

Section 25b (16.6.1985/505) A request made under section 22(7) of the Patents Act that samples may only be issued to a special expert must be made within 16 months of the filing date of the application or, where priority is claimed, of the claimed priority date. (16.2.2006/144)

The Patent Office shall draw up a list of those persons who have stated their willingness to assume assignments as experts and who are suitable for such a task. A decision on the persons chosen for inclusion in the list of experts shall be announced as prescribed in section 43.

If a sample may be issued only to a special expert, the request for the sample shall state the person to be called upon as an expert. The request shall be accompanied by a written undertaking from the expert to the applicant to the effect that the sample will not be used for other than experimental purposes and will not be made available to anyone else before a patent granted on the invention has expired or before 20 years have lapsed from the filing date of the application if a final decision not resulting in the grant of a patent has been taken on the application. This undertaking shall also apply to biological material obtained from the sample and to biological material derived from the sample which has retained those characteristics of the deposited biological material that are essential for carrying out the invention. (13.7.2000/674)

Any person included in the list, or accepted by the applicant in a particular case, may be called upon as an expert.

Section 25c (13.7.2000/674) Notwithstanding the provisions laid down in sections 25a and 25b of this Decree in respect of undertakings to be given to the applicant for or proprietor of a patent, a derived biological material may be deposited for the purposes of a new patent application.

Section 25d (14.6.1985/505) If a request has been made for a sample and neither the Patents Act nor this Decree preclude the furnishing of a sample, the Patent Office shall issue a certificate to that effect. The Patent Office shall forward the request for the sample and the certificate to the institution where the deposit is kept. The Patent Office shall at the same time forward to the applicant or the proprietor of the patent a copy of the request and the certificate.

If the Patent Office decides that a certificate referred to in subsection 1 cannot be issued, it shall give a notice of that decision. The person who has requested the sample may lodge an appeal against the decision with the Market Court, as provided in the Act on the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (578/2013). There shall be no appeal from the decision of the Board of Appeal of the Patent Office or from the above decision of the Market Court. (18.7.2013/580)

Processing of Patent Applications

Section 26 (18.7.2013/580) In examining whether the conditions for granting a patent laid down in section 2 of the Patents Act have been satisfied, the Patent Office shall consider all facts that come to its attention.

The examination at the Patent Office shall be carried out on the basis of patent specifications, published specifications and published applications, or abstracts thereof, from Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the European Patent Office; on the basis of publicly available international applications or abstracts thereof as well as applications that have become available to the public in Finland. Other available literature may also be examined if found necessary.

Section 26a (21.3.1997/246) If, during the examination of an application, a communication which is of importance for the examination of the application is filed with the Patent Office, the applicant shall be notified thereof. If the communication does not concern better title to the invention, the Patent Office shall notify the party that submitted the communication of the possibility of lodging an opposition if a patent is granted.

Section 27 Where necessary for the examination of a patent application, the Patent Office may consult experts who are not on the staff of the Patent Office.

Section 28 The Patent Office may call upon an applicant to submit a model, sample or the like, or to carry out investigations or experiments, if necessary in order to evaluate an invention.

Section 29 Anyone who applies for a patent in Finland in respect of an invention for which he has sought a patent from a foreign patent authority shall be required, with the limitations laid down in the third paragraph of section 74 of the Patents Act, to report what such foreign authority has communicated to him concerning the novelty or patentability examination of the invention. The Patent Office may require him, by official action, to file a copy of such communication or a declaration that no information concerning the examination of the previous application has been received.

If the examination of an application is carried out by a foreign authority in accordance with the second paragraph of section 74 of the Patents Act, and if the Finnish Patent Office has concluded an agreement with such authority to exchange examination results and other information, the Patent Office may defer examination of an application that corresponds to an application filed previously with such foreign patent authority until the latter application has been processed to the extent provided for in the agreement.

The Patent Office shall be authorized to communicate documents in respect of applications that have not yet become public to a patent authority with which an agreement has been concluded in accordance with the second paragraph, provided that the patent authority concerned has undertaken not to make such documents available to the public.

Section 29a (13.7.2000/674) If the Patent Office considers that a patent may be granted, the Office shall, before giving a notice under the first paragraph of section 19 of the Patents Act, send the applicant the documents that show the text in which it intends to grant the patent. The Patent Office may in such case under section 15 of the Patents Act invite the applicant to file his comments and return the documents to the Office within a specified time limit.

Section 30 (18.7.2013/580) The grant of a patent may only be deferred, if the grant would take place before the application has become available to the public under section 22 of the Patents Act. In such case, the grant of a patent may at the applicant's request be deferred until the time the application becomes available to the public under section 22 of the Patents Act.

Grant of a Patent (21.3.1997/246)

Section 31 (21.3.1997/246) The printing of a published specification pursuant to section 21 of the Patents Act shall begin as soon as possible after the applicant has paid the printing fee under the third paragraph of section 19 of the Patents Act.

The published specification must state:
(1) the serial number of the application in the record of applications and the registration number of the patent and the classes in which the patent is classified;
(2) the name and address of the proprietor of the patent;
(3) the name, domicile and address of the representative appointed by the applicant, if any;
(4) the name and address of the inventor;
(5) the title of the invention;
(6) whether the patent is based on a Finnish application, an international application or a European patent application which has been converted into a national application;
(7) if the patent is based on a Finnish application, the date of receipt and the date of filing of the application; (16.2.2006/144)
(8) if the patent is based on an international application, the international filing date and the date on which the application was pursued under section 31 of the Patents Act or on which the application under the third paragraph of section 38 of the same Act is deemed to have been filed, and the number of the international application;
(9) if the patent is based on a European patent application which has been converted into a national application, the filing date under the European Patent Convention and the date the application was received by the Patent Office for conversion, and the application number of the European application;
(10) if priority is claimed, where the earlier application given as a basis for priority has been filed and the filing date and serial number of such application;
(11) if the application results from division or separation, the serial number of the parent application;
(12) if the application includes a deposit of a biological material, an indication of the institution where the deposit is kept and the access code given to the deposit by the said institute; (13.7.2000/674)
(13) the date on which the application documents were made available to the public;
(14) the date on which the patent was granted:
(15) the publications cited.

Section 32 (21.3.1997/246) An announcement of the grant of a patent shall contain the information that is to be given in the published specification under section 31, with the exception of the publications cited.

Section 32a (27.10.2011/1097) The announcement concerning a correction of a translation under section 27 b (1) of the Patents Act must comprise:
1) the name and address of the proprietor of the patent;
2) the registration number and classification of the patent;
3) the title of the invention; and
4) the day on which the correction of the translation and the publication fee were received by the Patent Office.

Opposition (21.3.1997/246)

Section 33 An opposition under section 24 of the Patents Act shall state the following particulars:
1) the name and address of the opponent;
2) the registration number of the patent against which the opposition is lodged, the name of the proprietor of the patent and the title of the invention;
3) whether the opponent demands that the patent be revoked or that patent protection be restricted to some extent;
4) which of the circumstances stated in the first paragraph of section 25 of the Patents Act serve as grounds on which the opposition is filed and what other circumstances can be presented as grounds for the opposition; and
5) if the opponent has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative.

The opposition and any subsequent communications, together with attachments, from the proprietor of the patent or the opponent shall be filed in the number of copies required by the Patent Office.

Where the opponent has appointed a representative, the representative shall prove his authorisation.

Section 34 (21.3.1997/246) If the opposition has not been made in the manner prescribed in the first paragraph of section 24 of the Patents Act, the opposition will not be admitted. Neither will the opposition be admitted if the patent against which the opposition is filed is not identified in the documents submitted to the Patent Office within the time limit reserved for lodging an opposition, or if it cannot be established who filed the opposition, or if the particulars stated in item 4 of the first paragraph of section 33 are not given in the documents.

If other provisions concerning oppositions are not complied with on lodging an opposition, the Patent Office shall invite the opponent to correct the defects within a prescribed time limit. Failure to do so in the prescribed time limit shall result in the opposition being rejected as inadmissible.

Section 35 (21.3.1997/246) Copies of all communications filed by the opponent shall be transmitted to the proprietor of the patent.

If the proprietor of the patent files a counterstatement in respect of the opposition, the Patent Office shall decide on the need for a further exchange of communications.

Section 36 (29.11.2007/1118) If the Patent Office considers that there are no obstacles to the grant of a request under section 53a(1) of the Patents Act, the Patent Office shall notify the patent holder of this fact. The patent holder shall after that within two months submit the documents referred to in section 53d(2) to the Patent Office. If the patent holder fails to deliver the documents forming the basis for limitation of the patent and fails to make the payment referred to in section 53d(2) within the prescribed time limit, the request for limitation shall be considered to be withdrawn.

Once the Court’s decision to limit the patent in accordance with section 52(2) of the Patents Act has gained legal force, the patent holder shall submit the description, the drawings, if any, and the limited patent claims to the Patent Office for publication within the two-month time limit given by the Patent Office. The printing of the patent publication shall then be begun as soon as possible. When the limited patent claims have been delivered to the Patent Office, the Office shall see to it that they are, where necessary, available in the Finnish and Swedish languages.

Section 36a (29.11.2007/1118) The patent publication according to section 53d(2) of the Patents Act shall indicate:
1) the diary number of the application as well as the registration number and the classes of the patent;
2) the patent holder’s name and address;
3) if the patent holder has appointed a representative, his name, domicile and address;
4) the name and address of the inventor;
5) the title of the invention;
6) information on whether the patent is based on a Finnish, an international, or a European patent application converted into a national application;
7) if the patent is based on a Finnish patent application, the date of receipt and the date of filing the application;
8) if the patent is based on an international patent application, the international filing date and the date on which the application has been pursued in accordance with section 31 of the Patents Act, or the date on which the application shall, in accordance with section 38(3) of the said Act, be considered to have been filed, and the international application number;
9) if the patent is based on a European application which has been converted into a national application, the filing date under the European Patent Convention and the date on which the Patent Office received the application for conversion, as well as the application number of the European patent application;
10) if priority has been requested, an indication of where the previous application given as the basis for priority has been filed, its filing date and application number;
11) if the application has been effected through division or separation, the diary number of the basic application;
12) if the application involves deposition of biological material, an indication of the institution where the deposit is placed, as well as the number that the institution has issued to the deposit;
13) the date on which the application documents have become available to the public;
14) the date of granting the patent;
15) the documents cited;
16) the date of presenting a request to limit the patent; as well as
17) the date of granting a permission to limit the patent.

The patent publication referred to in section 36(2) above shall contain the information mentioned in subsection 1 with the exception of the information mentioned in item 17 and the information on the date on which the Court has taken a legally binding decision to limit the patent.
Issuance of further regulations

Section 37 Repealed 1 September 2013 (580/2013)

Patent Register (29.11.2007/1118)

Section 37a (15.2.1996/104) The Patent Register shall contain information on patents granted by the Patent Office and on European patents having legal effect in Finland.

Section 38 (21.3.1997/246) Once a patent has been granted in Finland, it shall be recorded in the Patent Register. In that connection, the particulars that under section 31 shall be indicated in the patent specification, with the exception of the publications cited, shall be recorded in the Patent Register.

Section 38a (15.2.1996/104) A European patent shall be recorded in the Register once the European Patent Office has published an announcement of the grant of the patent and the applicant has filed a translation and paid a fee pursuant to the first paragraph of section 70 h of the Patents Act.

The following particulars shall be recorded in the Register in that connection:
(1) the date on which the European Patent Office has announced its decision to grant the patent;
(2) the date on which the translation and the payment of the fee under the first paragraph of section 70 h of the Patents Act were received and the date on which the announcement of the translation was published;
(3) the date on which the patent term begins; and
(4) the particulars corresponding to the ones specified in subparagraphs 1 to 5, 10 and 13 of the second paragraph of section 31. (21.3.1997/246)

If the European Patent Office has taken a final decision to revoke a European patent, maintain it with amended wording, or cancel it, this fact shall be recorded in the Register. If the holder of the patent, in such cases where the patent is maintained with amended wording, has filed a translation and paid the prescribed fee under section 70 h(1) of the Patents Act, an entry shall be made of this in the Register. (29.11.2007/1118)

If a correction is filed of the translation referred to in the first or third subsections above, the date at which this has taken place and the date of giving public notice of the correction shall be recorded in the Register.

A limitation brought into effect in Finland in respect of a European patent shall be recorded in the Register when the European Patent Office has given public notice of the limitation of the European patent, a translation of the limited patent has been filed and the fee has been paid. In that case the following entries are recorded:
(1) the date on which the European Patent Office has given public notice of the limitation of the European Patent; and
(2) the date on which the translation in accordance with section 70 t(2) of the Patents Act and the fee have been received, and the date on which public notice has been given of the translation. (29.11.2007/1118)

If a European patent is revoked in accordance with section 70 t(3) of the Patents Act, an entry shall be made of this in the Register. (29.11.2007/1118)

Section 38b (21.3.1997/246) Once an opposition has been lodged against a granted patent an entry shall be recorded of this in the Patent Register. The entry shall contain the following particulars:
1) the name and address of the opponent;
2) if the opponent has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative; and
3) the date of lodging the opposition.

A final decision taken in respect of an opposition shall be recorded in the Patent Register. The date of taking the decision is in this connection recorded in the Register, as well as the principal contents of the decision.

Section 39 (21.3.1997/246) The announcement under section 25 (5) of the Patents Act concerning a decision taken on account of an opposition must comprise the registration number and classification of the patent, the title of the invention, the name of the proprietor of the patent, and the date of the decision. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 40 Payment of a renewal fee or respite granted for payment of a renewal fee shall be recorded in the Register.

If a patent has lapsed under section 51 of the Patents Act, the date as from which the patent ceased to be valid shall be recorded in the Register.

A request under section 71a of the Patents Act that a renewal fee be deemed to have been paid within the specified time limit shall be recorded in the Register without delay. The final decision on such request shall also be recorded.

Section 41 (18.7.2013/580) Any notification made to the Patent Office that a person has taken legal action to have a patent declared invalid, to have a patent transferred or to obtain a compulsory license shall be recorded in the Patent Register.

When a copy of the decision in a matter has been sent to the Patent Office in accordance with Chapter 4, section 23, of the Act on the Judicial Proceedings at the Market Court (100/2013) or section 66 d of the Patents Act, this fact shall be recorded in the Patent Register. Once the decision has become final, an entry shall be made in the Register in such a way that the main content of the decision is apparent.

If a patent has been limited in the Patent Office or in Court, or it has been cancelled in the Patent Office, an entry shall be made of this in the Patent Register. If a patent has been limited, the date on which this has taken place shall be entered in the Register, as well as the classes. If a patent has been cancelled, the date of cancellation shall be recorded in the Register.

Section 42 Entries under section 44 of the Patents Act concerning the transfer of a patent or the grant of a license or a pledge shall include the name, domicile and address of the right holder and the date of the transfer or grant of the license or rights. In the case of a license, it shall be stated, on request, whether the right of the patent holder to grant additional licenses has been limited. If it is not possible to take an immediate decision on the question of recording the transfer or grant of a license or a pledge, an entry shall nevertheless be made in the Register that recording has been requested.

Seizure of a patent to cover a debt shall be recorded in the Register when reported.

Any change reported in respect of a representative shall be recorded in the Register.

Where the Patent Office receives such notification of transfer of a deposit as is referred to in the third paragraph of section 17b or such receipt of a new deposit of a biological material as is referred to in the third paragraph of section 17c, the transfer or the new deposit shall be recorded in the Register. (13.7.2000/674)

Section 42a (11.9.2008/603) A decision of the Patent Office that has been drawn up by using automatic data processing may be signed mechanically.

A document issued concerning the Patent Register or the Patent Office's record of applications, and which has been drawn up by using automatic data processing, may be signed mechanically. This shall be indicated in the document.

Public Announcements Issued by the Patent Office

Section 43 Announcements in patent matters shall be made public in a publication issued by the Patent Office.

Special Right to Take Legal Action

Section 44 The competent authority within the meaning of section 52(4) of the Patents Act shall be the Public Prosecutor, unless the Council of State for a specific reason appoints another official to carry on the action. (29.11.2007/1118)

Receiving Office for International Patent Applications

Section 45 (15.2.1996/104) The Patent Office acts as the receiving Office for international patent applications where the applicant or one of the applicants is a national of Finland, a natural person domiciled in Finland, a legal entity constituted according to Finnish law, or anyone who carries on business in Finland. Such applicant may file an international patent application also with the European Patent Office or the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization. (16.2.2006/144)

Section 46 In its capacity as a receiving Office, the Patent Office shall receive, check and transmit international applications in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations.

When the Patent Office acts as a receiving Office for international patent applications, the applicant shall pay:
(1) the international filing fee referred to in Rule 15.1 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty within one month of receipt of the application;
(2) the search fee referred to in Rule 16.1 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty within one month of receipt of the application;
(3) (3) the transmittal fee referred to in Rule 14.1 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty within one month of receipt of the application; as well as
(4) the fee referred to in Rule 26bis.3 of the Regulations under the Patent Cooperation Treaty regarding restoration of priority within two months of the expiry of the priority year. (29.11.2007/1118)

If the international filing fee is raised after receipt of the application, but before the payment is made, the fee can be paid without an increase within one month of receipt of the application. (16.2.2006/144)

If the fee referred to in the second paragraph has not been paid within the prescribed time limit or if it has not been fully paid on expiry of the time limit, the Patent Office shall invite the applicant to pay the outstanding amount within one month of issuing the invitation. (26.6.1992/583)

Section 47 At the applicant's request and on payment of a specifically prescribed fee, the Patent Office ensures that a copy of an application previously filed with the Patent Office is transmitted under Rule 17.1(b) to the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The fee must be paid within the time limit for making the request under the above-mentioned Rule. (16.2.2006/144)

Section 48 (14.6.1985/505) International applications to be filed with the Patent Office shall be submitted in a single copy. They shall be drafted in Finnish, Swedish or English or in any other language accepted by the Patent Office. The request of an international application shall be in the English language even where the actual application is drafted in Finnish or Swedish. (16.2.2006/144)

Section 49 A separate record shall be kept of international applications filed with the Patent Office. The record shall not be available to the public.

Section 50 (13.7.2000/674) An applicant not domiciled in Finland shall be required to appoint a representative residing in the European Economic Area, entitled to represent him before the Patent Office in matters concerning the application.

Section 51 (14.6.1985/505) Where not prevented by the Act on Inventions of Importance to the Defense of the Country (No. 551/67), the Patent Office shall transmit the international applications it receives to the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization, in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations.

Transmitting International Patent Applications to the International Bureau

Section 51a (21.3.1997/246) Where the Patent Office is not competent to receive an international application filed with it by an applicant who is domiciled in or a national of a Contracting State, the Patent Office shall without delay transmit the application to the International Bureau in accordance with the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations.

In this connection, the applicant must pay the transmittal fee referred to in Rule 19.4 of the Regulations for the Patent Cooperation Treaty within one month of the filing of the application. An application so received for the International Bureau is deemed to have been received on the day the international application has been filed with the Patent Office. (16.2.2006/144)

Pursuing International Patent Applications (14.6.1985/505)

Section 52 (18.7.2013/580) If an international patent application has been filed in a language other than those referred to in section 8(5) of the Patents Act, a translation of the application shall be required in order to pursue the application under section 31 of the Patents Act or to request a review under section 38(1) of the Patents Act. In such case, the provisions of section 3 of this Decree concerning the translation shall be complied with.

Section 52a (14.6.1985/505) If the applicant has taken all steps required by section 31 of the Patents Act for pursuing an international application, but the Patent Office has received no notification of receipt of the application from the International Bureau, the Patent Office shall notify the International Bureau thereof.

Section 52b (14.6.1985/505) The time limit referred to in section 34 of the Patents Act is four months from the expiry of the time limit for pursuing an international patent application laid down in section 31, paragraph 1, of the Patents Act. (16.12.2004/1200)

Section 52c (14.6.1985/505) The request for review under the first paragraph of section 38 of the Patents Act shall be filed within two months of the date on which the receiving Office or the International Bureau has sent a notification to the applicant of the decision referred to in that paragraph.

If the applicant can prove that he received the notification referred to in the first paragraph more than seven days after the date borne by the notification, the time limit shall be extended by as many days as have elapsed between the date of the notification and the date on which the applicant received the notification. The seven days referred to above shall nevertheless be subtracted from the term.

Supplementary Protection Certificates (21.3.1997/246)

Section 52d (21.3.1997/246) Provisions on supplementary protection certificates are given in section 70 a of the Patents Act.

“Regulations providing for a supplementary protection certificate" refer to the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 469/2009 providing for the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products and the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 concerning the adoption of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection products. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52e Applications for supplementary protection certificates and for the extension of the duration of supplementary protection certificates for medicinal products must be submitted in writing.

The application document must be signed by the applicant or their representative and it must comprise the details laid down in Article 8 of the relevant Regulation. If several persons jointly apply for a supplementary protection certificate, the application document must also contain a statement as to which of them is entitled or, if the applicants have appointed a representative, whom they have jointly authorised to receive communications from the Patent Office on behalf of all applicants.

In addition, the applicant must submit additional information about the product to the Patent Office if it is necessary for the handling of the application. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52f (28.6.1994/595) The application shall be written in Finnish or Swedish in compliance with the applicable language laws. If a document accompanying the application is drafted in a language other than those mentioned above, the Office may require that a translation be provided in either Finnish or Swedish.

Section 52g (28.6.1994/595) The Patent Office keeps a record of filed patent applications. In addition to the details listed in Article 9(2) of the relevant Regulation, the following details are entered in the record for each application:
1) the serial number and filing date of the application;
2) where the applicant has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative;
3) the communications filed and fees paid in respect of the case; and
4) the decisions taken in respect of the case. (21.3.1997/246)

The record and the documents concerning the application shall be accessible to the public.

Section 52h (21.3.1997/246) Provisions concerning the publication of an announcement of an application for a supplementary protection certificate and for the extension of the duration of supplementary protection certificates for medicinal products are laid down in Article 9 of the relevant Regulation. The announcement must also comprise the serial number and filing date of the application for a supplementary protection certificate. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52i (28.6.1994/595) An application for a supplementary protection certificate or for the extension of the duration of a supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products may not be amended to relate to another product or another basic patent. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52j (21.3.1997/246) In processing an application, the Patent Office does not verify that the application for a supplementary protection certificate meets the condition laid down in Article 3(1) (d) of the relevant Regulation. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52k (21.3.1997/246) The provisions of sections 15 and 16 of the Patents Act apply to the time limits referred to in Article 10 (3) of the relevant Regulation. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52l (28.6.1994/595) Provisions concerning the publication of an announcement of a supplementary protection certificate and for the extension of the duration of a supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products are laid down in Article 11 of the relevant Regulation. The announcement must also comprise the serial number and filing date of the application for a supplementary protection certificate, and the registration number of the certificate. (27.10.2011/1097)

The supplementary protection certificate must comprise the details referred to in subsection 1 above. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52m (28.6.1994/595) The Patent Office keeps a register of supplementary protection certificates granted. In the register must be recorded the details referred to in section 52 l (1) and, if the proprietor has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative. In addition, the provisions of sections 40 to 42 apply. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52n (28.6.1994/595) If an application for a supplementary protection certificate or for the extension of the duration of a supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products has been refused or is deemed withdrawn by a final decision, an announcement of the fact must be published. The announcement must comprise the details referred to in section 52 h. (27.10.2011/1097)

The Patent Office publishes an announcement of the fact that a supplementary protection certificate has lapsed when such a decision, at the request of a third party, has been taken in accordance with Article 14, item d, of the relevant Regulation. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52o (28.6.1994/595) A prescribed renewal fee is payable for a supplementary protection certificate for each fee year commencing after the expiry of the term of the basic patent.

In addition, the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 of section 41 of the Patents Act apply mutatis mutandis in respect of the payment of renewal fees.

Section 52p (13.7.2000/674) An applicant for and a proprietor of a supplementary protection certificate not domiciled in Finland shall appoint a representative residing in the European Economic Area, as laid down in sections 12 and 71 of the Patents Act.

Receipt of applications for European patents

Section 52q (15.2.1996/104) If a European patent application is filed with the Patent Office, the Office shall enter the date of filing on the application documents, issue the applicant a certificate of receipt of the documents and notify the European Patent Office thereof. (29.11.2007/1118)

The application shall be transmitted to the European Patent Office in accordance with Article 77 of the European Patent Convention, unless otherwise specified in the Act on Inventions of Importance to the Defence of the Country (No. 551/67). (29.11.2007/1118)

Converting European Patent Applications into National Applications (15.2.1996/104)

Section 52r (15.2.1996/104) If the Patent Office receives a request for conversion of a European patent application into a national application under Article 135(2) of the European Patent Convention, the Patent Office shall immediately transmit the request together with a copy of the application to the patent authorities of the countries specified in the request. (29.11.2007/1118)

Section 52s (15.2.1996/104) If the Patent Office receives a European patent application which has been transmitted there for conversion into a national application under Article 135 of the European Patent Convention, the Patent Office shall immediately notify the applicant thereof. (29.11.2007/1118)

The application fee and the translation under the first and second paragraphs of section 70 s of the Patents Act shall be received by the Patent Office within three months of the date on which the Patent Office sent the notification under the first paragraph above to the applicant. The application fee shall be computed in the same manner as the application fee under section 8 of the Patents Act.

Record to be kept of European Patent Applications (15.2.1996/104)

Section 52t (15.2.1996/104) The Patent Office shall keep a separate record, accessible to the public, of European patent applications for which translations have been filed pursuant to section 70 n of the Patents Act.

The particulars to be entered in the record for each application include the serial number of the application, the applicant's name and address, and the date on which the translation or a corrected translation was received by the Patent Office, as well as the date on which an announcement of the filing of the translation or a corrected translation was published. Further, the date which has been accorded as the filing date of the application and the particulars listed in paragraphs 4 to 6, 10 and 11 of section 7(2) are entered. (16.2.2006/144)

Once the translation in accordance with the first paragraph of section 70 h of the Patents Act has been filed, an entry shall be made of this in the record, as well as of the date on which an announcement of the filing of the translation was published. The same applies to such correction of a translation as is submitted before entering the patent in the Patent Register. (29.11.2007/1118)

Once the translation in accordance with the second paragraph of section 70 t has been filed, an entry shall be made of this in the record. (29.11.2007/1118)

Translating European Patents and European Patent Applications (15.2.1996/104)

Section 52u (15.2.1996/104) The translation under section 70 h of the Patents Act must be accompanied by an indication of the title of the invention, the registration number of the patent and the name and address of the proprietor of the patent. If these details are not enclosed with the translation, the translation is deemed to not have been filed. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52v (15.2.1996/104) The translation under section 70 n of the Patents Act shall be accompanied by indication of the number of the application, and the applicant's name and address. If that requirement is not complied with, the translation shall be deemed not to have been filed.

Section 52x (15.2.1996/104) Announcements concerning translations under section 70 h of the Patents Act must comprise:
1) the registration number and classification of the patent;
2) the name and address of the proprietor of the patent;
3) the title of the invention;
4) the filing date of the patent application;
5) the date on which the European Patent Office has published the mention of grant of the patent or the decision to maintain the patent in amended form; and
6) if the priority of an earlier application is claimed, information on where the application given as the basis for the priority was filed, the filing date of that application and its serial number; (27.10.2011/1097)

Announcements concerning translations under section 70 n of the Patents Act must comprise:
1) the serial number and classification of the patent application;
2) the name and address of the proprietor of the patent;
3) the title of the invention;
4) the date of filing of the patent application; and
5) if the priority of an earlier application is claimed, information on where the application given as the basis for the priority was filed, the filing date of that application and its serial number; (27.10.2011/1097)

Public notices concerning translations under section 70t(2) shall contain:
(1) the registration number and classes of the patent;
(2) the name and address of the patent holder;
(3) the title of the invention;
(4) the filing date of the patent application; as well as
(5) information on the date on which the European Patent Office has published its decision to limit the patent and on the date the translation and the publication fee were received by the Patent Office. (29.11.2007/1118)

Section 52y (15.2.1996/104) When correcting a translation under section 70 q of the Patents Act, the applicant must submit a rewritten copy of the document where the corrections are indicated clearly. The correction of the translation must be accompanied by the number of the patent or patent application and the name and address of the patent proprietor or the patent applicant. If these details are missing, the correction of the translation is deemed to not have been filed. (27.10.2011/1097)

An announcement concerning a correction of a translation under section 70 q (1 ) of the Patents Act must comprise:
1) the registration number and classification of the patent;
2) the name and address of the proprietor of the patent;
3) the title of the invention;
4) the day on which the correction of the translation and the publication fee were received by the Patent Office; (27.10.2011/1097)

An announcement concerning a correction of a translation under section 70 q (2 ) of the Patents Act must comprise:
1) the serial number and classification of the patent application;
2) the name and address of the patent applicant;
3) the title of the invention; and
4) the date on which the correction of the translation was received by the Patent Office. (27.10.2011/1097)

Section 52z (29.11.2007/1118)The translation referred to in section 70 t (2) of the Patents Act shall be filed with and the payment made to the Patent Office within three months of date on which the European Patent Office has published the notification concerning the limitation of the patent.

The translation referred to in paragraph 1 above shall contain the description, drawings, if any, and the amended patent claims. Information on the registration number of the patent and of the name and address of the patent holder shall accompany the translation.

The translation within the meaning of section 70 t (2) of the Patents Act shall not be deemed having been submitted unless the provisions of the first and second paragraph have been complied with. (27.10.2011/1097)

Transitional provisions

The Decree 595/1994 shall enter into force on 1 July 1994.

If a supplementary protection certificate has been applied for in accordance with Article 19 (3) in the Council Regulation, the fee year, however, commences on the day when the filing of the application for a certificate has been published in accordance with section 52 (h). In that case, the first annual fee falls due for payment two months after said day.

The Decree 104/1996 shall enter into force on 1 March 1996.

This Decree is applied to applications filed after the entry into force of this Decree.

The Decree 246/1997 shall enter into force on 1 April 1997.

The repealed paragraph 3 of section 12 is applied to patent applications filed prior to the entry into force of this Decree.

If a parent application has been restricted prior to the entry into force of this Decree, because it comprises two or more inventions independent of each other, paragraph 2 of section 22, which was in force when the restriction was made, is applied to the divisional application.

The Decree 1200/2004 shall enter into force on 1 January 2005.

The Decree 144/2006 enters into force on 6 March 2006.

Section 10(1) of this Decree applies to applications filed before the entry into force of this Decree in respect of which the 15-month time limit from the priority date serving as a basis for priority has not yet expired.

The Decree 1118/2007 shall enter into force on 13 December 2007.

The Decree 1097/2011 shall enter into force on 1 November 2011.

The Decree 580/2013 shall enter into force on 1 September 2013.
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